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TO THE PROBLEM OF MHD WAVES PROPAGATION IN THE IONOSPHERIC E- REGION Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 George Jandieri Page no. 1-13 1 The dispersion equation has been obtained describing propagation of very slow and long-period MHD waves in the ionospheric E-region. Statistical characteristics of the low-frequency MHD waves propagating in weakly ionized plasma are obtained for arbitrary correlation function of the particles density fluctuations. Energy exchange between fast and slow Alfven waves and the turbulent plasma flow is analyzed in the ray (optics) approximation using the stochastic eikonal equation. Correlation function of the phase fluctuations and the broadening of the temporal spectrum of scattered Alfven wave are calculated numerically for the anisotropic correlation function using the experimental data. Keywords: Alfven wave, plasma flow, statistical characteristics, broadening, irregularities http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=161http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-032-1-13..pdf

Waste Management Practices and Organization Performance in Malaysian Healthcare Industries Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Mohd Hafiz Roslan[1], Nurul Fadly Habidin, Mohd Zaini Zainudin, Aqmar Nur Izzah Norazlan, Sariyati Abdul Hadji. Page no. 14-22 1 The healthcare industry in Malaysia are continuously improve and on the right track, the rapid growth and expansion of medical school shows that the government wants to improve the quality of healthcare in our country. This study aim to investigate the relationship between waste management and organizational performance in the healthcare industry in Malaysia. Effective waste management can improve organizational performance (financial performance, customer performance, internal business process performance and learning Innovation and growth performance). This study also proposed structural relationship model between waste management and organizational performance, for analyze the data, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technic will apply. This study also suggests future research work. Keywords: wastes management; organization performance; balanced scorecard; healthcare industries; Malaysia http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=187http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-033-14-22.pdf

Natural DisastersCommonly Occurred in Bangladesh Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Md. SahahAlam[1] , SuraiyaBegum[2] , Dr. MahmudurRahman[3] Page no. 23-28 1 The physical cause of this disaster is embodied in law of science and hence proper scientific research is necessary to deal with them. Bangladesh is one of the disasterprone country faces Cyclones, Floods, draught, Norwesters/Tornadoes, Earthquake etc. almost every year. The Role of Remote Sensing in the monitoring such natural disasters has been described in this paper. Keywords: Disaster, Extreme weather, Monitoring, Preparedness, Remote Sensing http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=188http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-034-23-28.pdf

Physico-Chemical And Microbial Investigation of Wardha And Wainganga River of Chandrapur And Gadchiroli District Exhibiting Infections in Clarias Batrachus Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Bodhe Y.G.[1], Wadhai V.S.[2] Page no. 29-35 1 Quantitative and qualitative analyses of bacterial flora associated with fresh water containing microbial pathogens present on the skin, gills, and fins of polycultured healthy common carp Clarias batrachus. Physico-chemical and biological parameters of Wardha and Wainganga river water were investigated and it was found that, during winter season these two river water has low alkalinity and low chloride concentration. The temperature was also found to be a fluctuating parameter. During winter season maximum affected fishes were reported. Pathogenic bacteria and fungi were also reported during these months in these water bodies. In the present study Clarias batrachus showed its presence throughout the year except the summer months in Wardha and Wainganga river water confirming their involvement in the initial process of damage, similarly the presence of fungi Saprolegnia parasitica, and Aspergillus sp. isolates from Wardha and Wainganga riverwater. Keywords: Clarias batrachus, Saprolegnia parasitica and Aspergillus sp.etc. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=189http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-035-29-35.pdf

An Enumeration of Angiosperm weeds in the Paddy field of Rajshahi, Bangladesh with emphasis on medicinal Plants Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 A. H. M. Mahbubur Rahman[1], M. Mizanur Rahman[2] Page no. 36-42 1 An enumeration and medicinal uses of angiosperm weeds in the paddy field growing throughout the Rajshahi, Bangladesh was carried out during January 2009 to December 2009. A total of 73 species under 66 genera belonging to 32 families were collected and identified. For each species scientific name, local name, phenology, family name and plant population have been mentioned. Eighteen (18) medicinal plants have been documented with their uses for the cure of more than 31 diseases. Out of the total number of species 42 were frequent, 26 were abundant and 5 were rare species in the study area. Keywords: Angiosperm weeds, paddy field, medicinal plants, Rajshahi, Bangladesh http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=190http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-036-36-42.pdf

Soil transmitted helminths and Schistosoma mansoni infections in elementary school children at Tach Armachiho district, north-west Ethiopia Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Mulat Yimer [1a], Bayeh Abera [1b],Wondemagegn Mulu[1c] Page no. 43-53 1 Background: In developing regions of the world, helminth infections particularly those caused by soil transmitted helminths (STHs) and schistosomes constitute major public health challenges. Current data indicates that an estimated 4.5 billion individuals are at risk of STHs infections and the global estimate number of cases of A. lumbricoides is 807 million, T. trichiura 604 million, Hookworm species 576 million and schistosomiasis 207 million. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine, STHs and S. mansoni infections in elementary school children at Tach Armachiho district, north-west Ethiopia. Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted from May15 to June 10, 2013 on STHs and S. mansoni infections. For the study, a total of 422 school age children were participated at three elementary schools. Proportionate allocation was used to determine the number of students involved in each selected school. Moreover, using registration list, simple random sampling method was employed to select students from each section. The stool sample was processed using: direct and Kato-Katz methods. Results: Of the 422 study participants involved in the study, 135 (31.9%) were males and 287 (68 %) were females. The overall prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni infections was 315 (74.6%) and more than half 262 (62.1%) of school age children had single infections. Most of the double infections account for S. mansoni + A. lumbricoides 24 (5.7%). However, no triple or quadruple infections were identified. Most of light infections 170 (40.3%), moderate and heavy infections were identified in S. mansoni and accounts for 90 (21.3%) and 32 (7.6%) respectively. Shoe wearing and swimming habits, water source and latrine used by the family showed statistically significant associations (P 0.001). Conclusion: Prevalence of STHs and S. mansoni was high and the disease was still a major health problem in the study areas. Therefore, there is a need for community mobilization towards provision of safe and adequate water supply, latrine construction to reduce open field defecation, and health education aimed at bringing behavioural change in the district. Keywords: STHs, S. mansoni, school age children, Tach Armachiho district, Ethiopia http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=191http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-037-43-53.pdf

Governance Approaches that Can be Used to Implement Sustainability Criteria Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Evgenia Pavlovskaia Page no. 54-71 1 Implementation of sustainability criteria, both in legal frameworks and voluntary sustainability standards, is an urgent and important issue. In the article, three less state-centric governance approaches and their capacity to be used to implement sustainability criteria have been investigated. The chosen approaches are good governance, multi-level governance and selfgovernance. Their potential strengths and weaknesses have been pointed out. The research indicates that sustainability criteria can be implemented in different ways, which have the potential to highlight, strengthen or weaken different aspects of their function. The use of different governance approaches, or their combinations, can lead to different implementation results for the same sustainability criterion. The choice of an appropriate governance approach depends on the circumstances in each case, on the purpose of using sustainability criteria and on the results that are strived at. Possibilities to establish a profitable international regime with homogeneous requirements and sustainability criteria for a certain production branch or a product should be explored .The article suggests that the most promising solution is to combine the use of legal regulations (juridical steering) with less hierarchical and less state-centric governance approaches, involving the participation of different groups of interested actors. Elements of good governance, multi-level governance and self-governance can be efficiently incorporated in legal frameworks and voluntary sustainability standards with sustainability criteria .Further research and case study analysis in this area are recommended. Keywords: governance, good governance, multi-level governance, self-governance, implementation of sustainability criteria. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=192http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-038-54-71.pdf

Extrapyramidal Symptoms After Fluoxetine Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Dr Amitabh Saha Page no. 72-75 1 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed medicines for depression. It has certain side effects but having extra pyramidal symptoms due to use of Cap Fluoxetine is not commonly seen in many patients. This study introspects and highlights one such case and reminds us to know and understand the various side effects that use of psychotropics have in regular practice . Keywords: Extra pyramidal symptoms, Selective serotonin Reuptake inhibitor,side effects, Fluoxetine-induced EPS,antidepressant, akathisia, dystonia http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=193http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-039-72-75.pdf

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Abattoir Effluents from Meat Market Abakaliki Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Anyim, C.[1], Okonkwo[2a], E.C.,Ekuma[2b], U.O. Orji, J.O[2c] Page no. 76-82 1 The poor state of most Nigerian abattoirs, meat processing plants, ineffective meat inspection service and the resultant risk of consuming unwholesome meat have been issues of public health and global environmental concerns. This study was designed to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from abattoir effluents within Meat Market in Abakaliki Metropolis and also to ascertain their antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the S. aureus isolated. 12 abattoir effluent samples (2 from each: cow intestinal effluent, cow body effluent, goat intestinal effluent, goat body effluent, chicken intestinal effluent and chicken body effluent) were collected and analyzed. 10 S. aureus were isolated from the abattoir effluents. The S. aureus were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin (80.0%), followed by ampicillin (60.0%), tetracycline (50.0%) and cefotaxime (30.0%), while chloramphenicol (0.0%) showed the least. Chloramphenicol (100.0%) was found to be the most resistant, followed by cefotaxime (70.0%), tetracycline (50.0%), ampicillin (40.0%), while ciprofloxacin (20.0%) showed the least. Hence it is possible that abattoir effluent constitute a reservoir for distributing antibiotic resistance into the community. Hence, there is therefore an urgent need to discourage the use contaminated water for meat processing by butchers so as to safe guards the health of the populace. Subsequently, there is need to put in place effluent treatment facilities to treat wastes from abattoirs in Ebonyi State and also in Nigeria. Keywords: Abattoir effluents, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic susceptibility, Abakaliki http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=194http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-040-76-82.pdf

Transcutaneous intramyocardial injection technique for implantation of bone marrow derived stem cells in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Aris Lacis[1], Inguna Lubaua[2] , Andis Lacis [3], Andrejs Erglis[4] PAge no. 83-89 1 An increasing understanding of the nature and processes of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in children, as well as the limited treatment options have led several researchers to use stem cell transplantation in management of these patients. Study results suggest that homing of transplanted cells varies significantly using different techniques for their delivery to the target area. We will describe in detail the technique for transdermal intramyocardial implantation of bone marrow derived progenitor cells. This innovative technique if combined with ultrasound monitoring offers the possibility for delivery of stem cells right into the target area in a safe and effective way. Keywords: Abattoir effluents, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic susceptibility, Abakaliki http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=195http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-041-83-89.pdf

Microbiological Assessment of Cassava Based Foods (Garri And Akpu) Within Abakaliki Metropolis Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Orji, J.O.[1], Okonkwo[1a], E.C., Anyim, C.[2], Ekuma, U.O.[1c] Page no. 90-98 1 Garri and Akpu is an African traditional fermented food product prepared from cassava that is widely accepted by both rural and urban dwelling peoples with little concern about those microorganisms that are associated with it. The present study was undertaken to investigate the microorganisms associated with cassava based product (Garri and Akpu). A total of 400 samples (50 white Garri, 50 yellow Garri and 100 Akpu) were purchased within Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State. Using serial dilution method, the samples were plated on different microbiological media. Organisms growing on the media were purified and identified using microbiological standards. It was found out that all the tested samples were positive for microbial contamination. Out of 400 cassava based foods (50 white Garri, 50 yellow Garri and 100 Akpu) analyzed, a total of 104 bacteria isolates were obtained. Out of which 44 bacteria isolates (11 Salmonella species, 8 Citrobacter species, 7 Serratia species, 7 Shigella species, 8 Klebsiella species and 3 Proteus species) were from White Garri; 37 bacteria from Yellow Garri (5 Citrobacter species, 3 Salmonella species, 7 Shigella species, 5 Klebsiella species, 8 Proteus species, 9 Serratia species) and 23 bacterial isolates (14 Escherichia species and 9 Staphylococcus species) from Akpu. A total of 48 fungal isolates were obtained from the 400 cassava based foods analyzed. 17 fungal isolates (6 Mucor species, 5 Aspergillus species, 4 Rhizopus species and 2 Fusarium species) were obtained from White Garri, 13 fungal isolates (5 Rhizopus species, 4 Aspergillus species, 3 Fusarium species and 1 Mucor species) from Yellow Garri and 18 fungal isolates (6 Aspergillus species, 6 Fusarium species, 4 Rhizopus species and 3 Mucor species)where from Akpu. This present study revealed high bioload and vast array of microorganisms in market Garri and Akpu. These are threatening and alarming and suggest early warning signals indicating the level of safety of available market Garri and Akpu. Hence adequate sanitation practice should be enforced concerning the sale of cassava based foods. Personal hygiene of hawkers and sanitation of utensils are important. Keywords: Bacteria, fungi, Akpu, Garri, hygiene, Abakaliki Metropolis http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=196http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-042-90-98.pdf

Studies on Iron Contamination of Well Water in Karikkakom Locality- Case studies Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Dr. K. S. Beenakumari Page no. 99-102 1 The pH, conductivity and iron content present in the drinking water samples collected from the Karikkakom locality in Thiruvananthapuram district to find out the quality of drinking water. The pH and conductivity of the water samples lies with in the permissible limit but the iron content of all the samples were on higher side. The aeration, addition of lime and alum is the suitable and economical method to remove the iron content in these areas. Keywords: Iron contamination, Conductivity, pH, Water Quality http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=197http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-043-99-102.pdf

The intra-dialytic hypertension: prevalence and risk factors Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Belarbi marouane[1], Alayoud ahmed[1a], Asserraji mohammed[2], Akhmouch ismail[2a] Zemraoui nadir[1c] Page no. 103-110 1 Introduction:The intra- dialytic hypertension is a complication usually defined by an increase in mean arterial pressure above 15mmHg during or immediately after the dialysis session .Materials and methods:Retrospective study of 28 months ( May 2010 to September 2012) in our hemodialysis center aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for intra- dialytic hypertension.Results: The intra- dialytic hypertension was noted in 7.9 % of sessions . The above 60years age, diabetes , heart disease , male sex , the temperature of the dialysate , and the shooting ratio of weight / dry weight , were identified as contributing factors its occurrence . Sodic profiles significantly influence the prevalence of this complication. His support was based primarily on the optimization of ultrafiltration in 75 % of cases. Conclusion : The intra- dialytic hypertension is a rare complication , its pathophysiology is poorly understood and its treatment is not codified mainly based on optimizing the basis weight that should be done with caution . Further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of this complication Keywords: Intra-dialytic Hypertension, Resistors Vascular, Cardiac Output, Sympathetic hyperactivity, Renin Angiotensin System, Hypervolemia. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=198http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-044-103-110.pdf

Milk consumption, indicators of growth and body mass index in the Uzbek and Tajik population in Uzbekistan. Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Sharaf Kasimov[1], Margus Lember[2], Rustam Mukhamedov[3] Page no. 111-118 1 Background: It is known that lactose intolerance is prevalent in the Turkish and Indo-Iranian peoples of Central Asia, and prevalence is related to the presence or absence of the genotype C/T13910. Some studies have reported changes of weight occurring from the use of milk products according to the types of dairy products used. Our aim was to examine indicators of growth and body mass index (BMI) in the Uzbek and Tajik population in two regions of Uzbekistan in relation to milk consumption, the presence of the genotype C/T-13910, and self-reported evidence of lactose intolerance, in order to see to what degree growth and BMI is affected by milk consumption in these two distinct but comparable populations. Uzbek and Tajik families share the same social, economic and culinary habits, so these should not be confounding factors for comparing the growth and development of children in these two population groups. Results: Single nucleotide polymorphisms were examined in 100 Uzbeks and 100 Tajiks for the presence of the genotype C/T-13910 and for milk intolerance. Anthropometrical measurements were made of growth and body mass index (BMI) of the target Uzbek and Tajik population and compared according to the presence of genotypes for lactase persistence or lactase nonpersistence. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference (95% CI, p0.05). Comparison of growth and BMI of a further 187 Uzbeks and 137 Tajiks according to their consumption of milk likewise shows no statistical significance (95% CI, p0.05). A small percentage in each group, however, self-reported dyspepsia symptoms after milk consumption. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that comparable groups of the Uzbek and Tajik populations in Uzbekistan do not differ in the prevalence of genotype C/T-13910. Among Uzbeks and Tajiks the high prevalence of lactose intolerance does not appear to interfere with the use of milk and dairy products in small amounts, and this study therefore suggests that milk consumption, as practiced in these populations, is not the key factor affecting growth indicators and BMI of Uzbeks and Tajiks. Keywords: Hypolactasia, Anthropometry, Uzbek-Tajik Population http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=199http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-045-111-118.pdf

A Mathematical Model for n-Species Competition for Aphid Population in Limited Resources Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Alok Singh[1a], Savita Singh[1b], Rajan K Sharma[2], P.K. Singh[2a], Aditya Kumar[3] Page no. 119-123 1 In this paper, a mathematical model is discussed for the competition in to n-species aphid population for a limited resource and their limiting behavior as time approaches infinity. Aphids are among the most conspicuous and important pests in the green houses and the fields. Aphids which excrete honeydew and the area covered by saliva at time which forms a weak cover on the leaf surface preventing the individuals from further sucking and movement and so causing deaths due to starvation, therefore rapid increase of mortality rate to the environment by honeydew excretions of aphids. Analytically, it has been shown that how aphid population increases or decreases with time t. Keywords: Aphids, Environment, Population dynamics, Limited resources, Voltra model, Species http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=200http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-046-119-123.pdf

Effects of Age and Gender on Plasma Total Cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol among Elderly Sudanese in Khartoum State, Sudan Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Hisham B. Adam[1] ,Samia Mahdi Ahmed[2], Badreldien Hassan Elabid[3], Sami A. Mohamed[4], Mohamed A. Adam[5] , Rania M. Mohamed[6] Page no. 124-128 1 Hyperlipidemia is a common risk factor for atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and stroke especially in the elderly. The Objective of this study is to assess the Effects of Age and Gender on Plasma Total Cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol among Elderly Sudanese in Khartoum State. A community-based and case-control study was conducted in Khartoum State, Sudan, during the period from June to December 2011. A total of 70 healthy elderly Sudanese (35 males and 35 females) as a test group (age range 50-80 years) and 70 healthy adults ( 35 males and 35 femals) as a control group for comparison (age range 20-50 years ) were enrolled in this study .Diabetic and hypertensive subjects were excluded from this study. The plasma levels of total Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol were measured using reagents and a spectrophotometer from Bio-system Company. SPSS program was used for analysis of data. The plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were significantly raised in the test group when compared with the control group (P-value 0.05).There was no significant difference between the means of the plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of males when compared to female among the test group (P-value 0.05).In conclusion, elderly Sudanese of both sexes , are at a higher risk of atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and stroke as a consequence of significantly raised total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol. Gender showed no effect on the plasma levels oftotal cholesterol and LDLCholesterol among the elderly Sudanese. Keywords: Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Elderly People http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=201http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-047-124-128.pdf

Seasonal Influence of Solar Activity on Cosmic Rays Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Akande P. I[1]., Ekpe J. E[2] Page no. 129-135 1 Cosmic ray intensity data and values of solar modulation potential (solar modulation parameter for cosmic rays) of ten (10) years, for the month of June (typical month in the rainy season) and December (typical month in the dry season) was obtained. The cosmic ray intensity of each year was compared with the same ten (10) years values of solar modulation potential using a statistical tool, for the two typical months. From the result, interpretation and understanding of the statistical behavior, shows the relationship of solar activities with cosmic rays. There is a forbush decrease, sudden decrease in cosmic ray intensity immediately the modulation of solar activity falls in the year 2009.This means that changes in the solar activity or solar modulation can cause changes in cosmic ray production in both rainy and dry season; and it gives impression that cosmic rays can come from extrasolar astrophysical sources and/or the sun. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=202http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-048-129-135.pdf

Determination of The Velocity of Cosmic Ray Proton Within The Atmosphere Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 Akande P. I Page no. 136-141 1 The velocity of cosmic ray particle is examined within the atmosphere. Since cosmic ray has high percentage of proton, i will restrict my study to a cosmic ray proton. A high energy governing equation is used. This equation is simplied. With the use of the high equation, the velocity of cosmic ray proton in the atmosphere was examined. This was done by using a steady state assumption to determining the density of the atmosphere in which the particle travels, and then obtain its velocity. And this velocity is affected by some parameters such as density of the atmosphere and pressure. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=203http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-049-136-141.pdf

Starting chronic dialysis treatment in an emergency. What morbidity and mortality? Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201422 F. El Mazani[1], A. Adnouni[1a], W. Fadili1 Mr. Sebbani[2], Mr. Amine[2a], I. Laouad[1b] Page no.142-150 1 Objective: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality of patients with end stage renal disease ( ESRD) initiating chronic dialysis treatment in an emergency. Population and methods: From the register of nephrology emergencies were included in the study 230 patients who started first dialysis treatment for ESRD emergency and that during the study period between January 2010 and December 2013. clinical and biological characteristics and the initial outcome of these patients were studied. Results: During these 4 years , 510 patients were treated in emergency hemodialysis including 230 patients 45 % had ESRD , never initiated dialysis . A very rapid increase in the frequency of incident cases was observed as 9 % of cases were recorded in 2010 , 16 % in 2011 , 33 % in 2012 and 42 % in 2013. 43.4 % of cases were seen during the 3 months summer. The average age of our patients was 48 + / - 18 years with a slight male predominance of 54.3 %. Diabetes (29.6%) , hypertension (23.5%) and heart disease (16.5%) were most associated with ESRD comorbidities. The IRC was known and followed prior to admission to the emergency room only in 30.1% ; among these patients followed , 11% of them have been sent to a nephrologist. The reason for admission to the emergency room was dominated by dyspnea (25% ), vomiting (22 %) and impaired consciousness (14.3 %). Biologically , the mean creatinine was 154.40 + / -91 mg / l with a mean creatinine clearance of 4.7 + / -2.9 ml/min/1.73m2 . Hyponatremia was prevalent in 89.3 % and symptomatic deep and in 12.3%. Greater than 6.5 mmol severe hyperkalemia / l was observed in 17.32 % of patients. Deep acidosis least 10 mmol / l was seen in 58 % . Anemia was almost constant with an average of 6.9 mg hemoglobin / dl and 44.2 % had urgent transfusion requirements . Acute pancreatitis was associated with ESRD in 13 %. Clinical and biological infectious syndrom e was noted in 29.5 % of cases. 15.6% of patients required an initial hospitalization in intensive care (SSI) . Indications for taking emergency dialysis were represented by threatening hyperkalemia ( 23.4%), a major uremia (22.6%) , acute edema of the lung (17.4 %). The incision was a temporary catheter in 224 patients ( 97.4 %). During the first hemodialysis , 22.2% of patients had hypotension, 16 patients or 7% a cardiac arrest . A death rate of 18.3% or 42 patients was recorded during the first hospitalization. Predictors of mortality found in the bivariate study are: disorders of consciousness ( p 0.0001) , dyspnea ( 0.004) , the least severe anemia 7g/dl (p : 0.005) , infection ( P: 0.0012 ) , acidosis (p 0.0001) , a higher rate of urea has 3g / l and hospitalization for SSI (p : 0.005). The multivariate analysis retained all these factors as independent mortality factors except dyspnea http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=204http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2014-2-2-050-142-151.pdf