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DETERMNATION OF THE BEST RETENTION TIME FOR DESALINATION BY ALGAE PONDS Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Nagy, A. M.1*, El Nadi, M. H. 2 El Hosseiny, O.M. 3 Page No. 1-5 1 The study aims to determine the best retention time for desalination using algae under nature conditions. The experiment was applied on a pilot plant exposed to nature conditions. This pilot consists of three consecutive basins; each basin was divided into three equal parts fed by saline water with constant concentration 30000 ppm. Algae was added by 400 ml/path with adding 100 ml/path of the artificial media BG-11. By using varied retention time ranged from 7 days to 9 days for each basin. The results showed that, the TDS removal efficiencies for the different retention time were very close to each other which resulted the 7 days is the best retention time for algae desalination process technically and economically with maximum TDS removal efficiency reached to 92.67% after three serial basins. Keywords: Water Desalination, biological desalination, desalination by algae Ponds, Factors affects algae desalination ponds. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=582http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-293-1-5.pdf

Treat AGRICULURAL DRAIN water for reuse needs using algae ponds Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 El Nadi, M.H.* 1, El Hosseiny, O.M.2 Ashmawy, H.H.A.3 Page No. 6-14 1 The paper studied the impact of the direct disposal of Baloza drain on Suez Canal and tried to prevent this pollution by tret the drain water with algae ponds to produce reusable water for irrigation and fish cultivation. Six seasonal readings have been recorded in four locations along the Baloza drain. Also, three seasonal readings have been recorded at the drain disposal point in the canal. According to the previous measurements, the problem was found to be the salinity of the drain is much lower than the canal, that affected the canal environment and stability. Also it is so high to be reused. Accordingly, the study proposed solution for treatment of the drain water to be suitable to be reused. The tried solution is by the use of algae ponds for desalinate the drain water to be suitable for reuse in irrigation of crops or for applying in fish cultivation ponds.The solution is succeeded to decrease the water salinity by 70% that lower its TDS than 2000 ppm which is suitable for the two targeted purposes. The algae pond cost for the study drain was according to the used pilot about 200,000 L.E. for construction and 100,000 L.E. per year as running cost.From the technically, economically and environmentally comparison of the previous solutions, the optimum solution for implementation is the first one. Keywords: Drain water Treatment, Mixing ponds, Disposal Limits, Pollution Control, Cost Evaluation. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=583http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-294-6-14.pdf

The use of DBAF system as A treatment plant for Dairy Industrial wastewater Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 El Nadi, M.H.*1, El Hefny, Z.A.M.2 El Hosseiny, O.M,3 Page No. 15-22 1 The dairy industry is a major enterprise in Egypt occupying a significant place in food supply. Its wastewater is a huge environmental problem that needs a special treatment. Our study problem is to treat the effluent wastewater from one of the JUHAYNA Company factories in 6th of October city where there is very small available area for the treatment unit. A pilot had been used consisted from a DBAF unit followed by rapid sand filter and contact tank for chlorination. The target was to reuse treated water for land scape irrigation by spray system. The pilot plant operated on the design flow for a period of three months. The system used as new application for the very small area available in the factory site. From the study results it can be seen that the applied DBAF system that proposed to be made give the ability to meet the design flow and loads with high effluent criteria for BOD, COD, TDS, pH TSS parameters. In general all effluent results are more than enough for the drainage to the city sewerage system and meet the legal requirements for reuse for irrigation for Jungle trees due to the Egyptian environmental laws [1]. Also the system takes very small area and fit inside the available area inside the factory with no erection, operation or maintenance problems due to the shortage of area. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=584http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-295-15-22.pdf

Evaluation of Biosecurity Measures in Layer Farms in Khartoum State, Sudan Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Maisa El Sanousi Mustafa*1 and Hyafa Mohammed Ismail2 Page No. 23-31 1 The high susceptibility of poultry to disease outbreaks makes a comprehensive biosecurity technology a necessary practice in poultry farms to protect the farms from both intentional and unintentional threats from biological agents. Therefore this study evaluated the biosecurity measures in layer farms in Khartoum State, make comparison between the biosecurity practices carried in close system and open system followed in those and measures the cost of implementing biosecurity on layer farms. A total of 45 layer farms (33 closed and 12 open systems) were chosen from Khartoum, Khartoum North and Omdurman. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics method. The Results from the survey showed that open system farms tend to have a less secure boundary than that of the close system farms. The results was found that 45(100%) of the farms surveyed have a fence, and 37(82.2%) of the farms have disinfectants in gate, only 16(35.6%) of the farms have a routine pest control, The study show only (8.9%) of the farms share equipments, and 9(20%) of the farms surveyed no cleaning the water system 4(12.1%) of the farms were close system compared with 5(41.7%) of the farms were open system. The results, also, showed that 40(88.9%) of the farms isolation of diseased birds. All 45 (100%) of the surveyed farms had record keeping, and 31(68.9%) of the farms surveyed had no training programs. Keywords : Biosecurity measures, Layer Farms, Khartoum State, Sudan http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=585http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-296-23-31.pdf

Laboratory Evaluation of Some Disinfectants Used in Poultry Farms Against Some Bacterial Isolates Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Noha Ahmed*1. Hayfa Ismail1. Amal Mohammed2 Page No. 32-41 1 This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the four disinfectants; Quaternary Ammonium Compound QAC (Vrocid), Iodine compound (Iocid 30), Formalin (Aldekol des o3) and H2O2 (Aquaclean) used by commercial poultry integrator against four bacterial isolates; Escherichia coli (E.coli), Staphylococcus aeuraus, Proteus ssp and Pseudomonas ssp, and the effect of the heat in relation to time on recommended concentration. This experiment consist of tow-parts; in the first part these disinfectants were made in five concentrations one according to the manufacturers recommendation, three were higher and one was lower than manufacturer recommendation these concentrations were made in disk from filter paper. Five concentration of each disinfectant were put in a plate contained the bacterial culture. The disc which was saturated by the recommended concentration of each disinfectant was put in the middle of the plate contain bacterial isolates and the lower and higher concentration was rounded. The plates were incubated at 37oC overnight and then observed, the diameter of clear inhibition zone surrounded each disc was measure by using a ruler. In the second part only the recommended concentration of each disinfectant was used, each disinfectant was divided in four groups and submerged in a water bath at 37, 45, 50, 60oC each group contained 4 tubes. The tubes were collected 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes after the starts of the experiment, the disk was put inside the tube of each disinfectants then taken immediately and was put in the plate contain bacterial isolates which were departed in 4 department. Incubated overnight at 37 oC, then the plate were observed, the diameter of clear inhibition zone surrounded each disk was measure by using a ruler. The laboratory evaluation indicated that H2O2, QAC and Formaldehyde respectively was effective against E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus ssp and pseudomonas ssp while the iodine dont show any effect. It was concluded that the disinfectant used in this study was very effective and recommended to use in poultry house. Keywords : Disinfectants, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aeuraus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, spp. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=587http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-297-32-41.pdf

Sero-prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Khartoum State, Sudan Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Omer Saboun Hassan1* and Hyafa Mohammed Ismail2 Page No. 42-46 1 This study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and its related risk factors in Khartoum state, Sudan. A total of 200 cattle sera were collected from different farms in Khartoum state in Bahari and Omdurman, and tested for the presence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides small colonies antibody using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Assay (cELIZA). Of the total 200 cattle sera examined, 26 (13 %) were found positive for CBPP. Location, seasons, and age were not found statistically significant (P 0.05) with regard to the occurrence of the disease. While, sex and breed were found statistically significantly (P 0.05). In conclusion, high sero-prevalence of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was found in Khartoum state. Hence, vaccination is very important for control of the disease. Keywords : Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), Sero-prevalence, Khartoum state, Sudan http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=588http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-298-42-46.pdf

Sero-prevalence of Avian Influenza Type A in Khartoum North and the Effect of Different Treatments on Sera Using the Indirect ELISA Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Rania H.I.f1* and Hayfa M.I.M2 Page No. 47-54 1 A serological survey was carried out to investigate the presence of avian influenza type A antibodies in Khartoum North. A total of 210 serum samples were collected from different layer chicken farms in Khartoum North in the last third of 2010. The sera were examined for avian influenza type A antibodies using indirect ELISA. The results showed that (3.3%) of the ser were positive to influenza type A antibodies. The second parts of the study was designed to know whether temperature, freezing/ thawing cycle will have any impact on avian influenza antibodies when tested using indirect ELISA. Tested sera were incubated at different temperatures (37oC, and 45oC for overnight) or treated with three cycles of freezing and thawing or kept in refrigerator at 4oC for 15 days. The results showed that certain temperature, 3oC for overnight and two weeks refrigerating at 4oC had no effect on the testing results of ELISA. In addition, testing results for serum samples which had been incubated at 45oC overnight and freezing and thawing for three cycles showed that two negative sera in each group changed to false positive. Therefore, it is recommended to store serum samples at appropriate temperature 4oC for up to 14 days and -20oC for more than two weeks to avoid the appearance of false results when tested, also monitoring the disease situation in the country through regular surveillance. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=589http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-299-47-54.pdf

THE USE OF BANANA (Musa spp) STEM SAP IN REDUCING TOTAL PLATE COUNT (TPC)OF BROILER CHICKEN FILLET (Gallus gallusdomesticus) Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Narwati*, BambangSunarko, Rusmiati Page No. 55-64 1 From the result of phytochemistry screening, it is found that the sap solution extracted from banana stem consists of saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and phenolic which have antibacterial properties. The objective of this research is to test pH level, water content, and total plate count (TPC) of Broiler chicken fillet before and after being immersed in the sap solution extracted from banana stem (Musa spp). A quasi-experiment design is used in this study with Pre-test-Post-test with Control Group Design. The intervention in this research is associated between the varied concentration of sap solution extracted from banana stem from 0 % (control), 25 %,50%, to 75% and varied immersion period from 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, to 120 minutes. In analysing the effect of sap solution extracted from banana stem, the researcher conducted screening test on pH level, water content, and total plate count (TPC).This research found that there is a significant relationship between the sap solution extracted from banana stem and pH level, water content, and Total Plate Count (TPC) of Broiler chickens fillet by analyzing varied concentration of sap solution extracted from banana stem and immersion period of Broiler chicken fillet in the solution. The result of this study shows that the Broiler chicken fillet being immersed in the 75 % sap solution extracted from banana stem for 30 minutes is better than the fillet being immersed in other various concentrations and for other various immersion periods. It is concluded that the sap solution extracted from banana stem is a useful alternative in enhancing the nutritious quality of Broiler chicken fillet. Keywords : banana stem sap, pH level, water content, antibacterial activity, total plate count http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=590http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-300-55-64.pdf

THE INFLUENCE OF PROPOLIS ON HEALING PROCESS ATPATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSISDESEASEON WONOAYU, KREMBUNG, AND PRAMBON AREA IN SIDOARJO DISTRICT Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Hotmaida Siagian*, Siti Maemonah, Yetty Wilda Page No. 65-70 1 Tuberculosis is a lung disease that is common in developing countries. This disease is difficult to eradicate because this disease is a contagious disease and the healing process that takes a long time. Treatment of TB in Indonesia have followed the advice of the WHO, through DOTS programs and the failure of the treatment is quite high which led to an increasing in the number of patients with tuberculosis.Treatment failure can be caused by various factors, one of which is resistance to Anti-Tuberculosis Drug. Propolisis ana turalimmuno modulator activity are known to have antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antithrom boticand improve there generativeability. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of propolis on the healing process at patients with pulmonary tuberculosisin PHCW onoayu, Krembung, and Prambon area in Sidoarjo district. Design of the study is quasi experiment with approaches comparison between control and treatment groups. Respondents from Acid-Resistant Bacteria positive beex aminated and divided into control and treatment groups. In the treatment group will be given Propolis for 1 month of treatment 2 times a day 5 drops each day. Then be compared with the healing process Acid-Resistant Bacteria be examinated at 2 months after treatment. The results showed that there were significant differences between the control group and the treatment group and based on the Mann-Whitney statistical test showed that p=0.029 =0.05 so it can be concluded that the administration of propolis can help the healing process of pulmonary tuberculosis. Propolisas acomplementary therapy can be considered by the client and the nurse to reduce healing failure of TB especially treatment TB in the community Keywords : Propolis, PulmonaryTuberculosis, Acid-Resistant Bacteria examination. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=591http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-301-65-70.pdf

The Effect of Social and Participation Environmental Factors on Achievement of The Well-being for Elderly Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Pipit Festi Wiliyanarti*1, Hari Basuki Notobroto2, Hamidah3, Kacung Asri4 Page No. 71-78 1 Elderly was part of the growth and development process. The existence of physical deterioration and social changes lead to dependency on the activity of its sovereignty. Elderly who were accustomed for having the activity will be more independent than the elderly who were in dependency. Family environment in the form of family support and community support, can affect the condition of the elderly well-being. Elderly are part of the family, which was expected to provide support in the achievement of physical well-being. Whereas the elderly themselves, because of decreasing process in the physical, psychological, social and mental ability, resulted in a lessening in the role and status of the elderly in the family. This study aims to determine the relationship between the family and society, the independence of the elderly with the elderly well-being. Descriptive analytic with cross sectional approach was used in recent study. Samples include 400 elderly and families in Surabaya with Multistage Random Sampling technique. Collecting data using interviews and observation. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used in the data analysis. The result showed that family environment that supports the well-being of the elderly was an environment that provides opportunities for elderly to participate in daily activities, family support which given in the achievement of the elderly well-being were the instrumental support in the form of fulfilling the daily needs, harmonious home environment; emotional support in the form of trust in the family, a sense of care to the elderly. Results of the data analysis showed the value of the social environment, loading factor 0,72; social networking loading factor 0,71, self independency-loading factor of 0.33; and problems faced by the elderly in the family 0,66; Chisquare 4.97, p-value = 0,17500 RMSEA = 0.0006. It showed that the family and the community environment with the provision of family support, independence having a significant influence on the elderly well-being. The role of nurses was important to raise families and the elderly, so that the health, well-being and quality of life of the elderly can properly be met. Keywords : family support, the well-being of the elderly, http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=592http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-302-71-78.pdf

Occurrence of Tricoloured Munia ( Lonchura malacca) in Karur District, Tamil Nadu Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Deepan. R1* , Vikram. B1, Harish.B1, Ramakrishnan. B2 and A. Samson2 Page No. 79-80 1 The tricoloured munia (Lonchura malacca) is an estrildid finch, native to Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and southern China. It is a small gregarious bird and feeds mainly on grain and other seeds. It dwells in wet grassland habitats and also be found in tropical lowland moist forest habitats. Karur District is located center along the Kaveri and Amaravathi rivers in Tamil Nadu, India. It is bounded by Namakkal district in the north, Dindigul district in the south, Tiruchirapalli district on the east and Erode district on the west. It has an area of 2896 sq.km. On 18th September 10:30 AM we recorded two individuals of birds perching on the high-tension power line near Karur village (N 10.88073o E 77.97143o Elevation 143 MSL). We take photographs for further identification of the species the bird was identified as tricoloured munia using descriptions in Grimmet et al. (2). Salahudeen et al. (1) had made a first report on avian faunal diversity in three selected areas of Karur District. In that study a total of 67 birds were recorded. The present record of tricoloured munia shows new addition fauna of the Karur district. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=593http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-303-79-80.pdf

Occurrence of Tricoloured Munia ( Lonchura malacca) in Karur District, Tamil Nadu Scientia Research LibraryJournal of Applied Science And Research2348 - 0416201756 Deepan. R1* , Vikram. B1, Harish.B1, Ramakrishnan. B2 and A. Samson2 Page No. 79-80 1 The tricoloured munia (Lonchura malacca) is an estrildid finch, native to Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka and southern China. It is a small gregarious bird and feeds mainly on grain and other seeds. It dwells in wet grassland habitats and also be found in tropical lowland moist forest habitats. Karur District is located center along the Kaveri and Amaravathi rivers in Tamil Nadu, India. It is bounded by Namakkal district in the north, Dindigul district in the south, Tiruchirapalli district on the east and Erode district on the west. It has an area of 2896 sq.km. On 18th September 10:30 AM we recorded two individuals of birds perching on the high-tension power line near Karur village (N 10.88073o E 77.97143o Elevation 143 MSL). We take photographs for further identification of the species the bird was identified as tricoloured munia using descriptions in Grimmet et al. (2). Salahudeen et al. (1) had made a first report on avian faunal diversity in three selected areas of Karur District. In that study a total of 67 birds were recorded. The present record of tricoloured munia shows new addition fauna of the Karur district. http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive-abs.php?arc=594http://www.scientiaresearchlibrary.com/archive/JASR-2017-5-6-303-79-80.pdf